Wirtschaftswissenschaften
35 search hits
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Grid Computing in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: An Exploratory Study of Corporate Attitudes towards Economic and Security-Related Issues
(2008)
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Joachim Westhoff
- As Grid computing commenced in the scientific sector, it slowly enters the commercial environment. Although it proposes interesting features for horizontal integration of hardware and resource sharing, businesses slowly implement Intragrids in their companies. Open Grid markets are yet not deployed.
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Multiple Criteria Decision Making in Application Layer Networks
(2008)
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Frank Schneider
- This work is concerned with the conduct of MCDM by intelligent agents trading commodities in ALNs. These agents consider trustworthiness in their course of negotiation and select offers with respect to product price and seller reputation.
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Incentive Compatibility and Efficiency in the Contractual Insurer-Provider Relationship - Economic Theory and Practical Implications: The Case of North Carolina
(2007)
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Andreas Schmid
- The paper is concerned with the efficient organization of contractual relationships between health insurers and providers. An introduction to relevant aspects of contract theory is followed by their adaptation to the characteristics of the health care system. The focus lies on an ex ante alignment of incentive structures as well as on an efficient handling of conflicts of interest once a contract has been sealed (ex post). The theory based conclusions are contrasted with the situation in North Carolina, USA. Due to the implemented regulation, this state is well suited to serve as a reference. An excursus to the American health care system provides the reader with the necessary background. A discussion of results completes the paper.
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Market Acceptance of Cloud Computing - An Empirical Analysis of Market Structure, Price Models and Service Requirements
(2009)
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Lei Han
- As an emerging technology and business paradigm, Cloud Computing embeds fairly large amount of unexplored fields, from technological definition to business models. While the market of Cloud Computing is expected to expand in the near future, few studies of the actual market acceptance of the Cloud Computing services are done. It may be interesting, especially for the Cloud Computing service providers, to know more about the preferences of transaction forms and price models from the users and potential users. From an academic research’s point of view, we want to know whether the development of Cloud Computing market can be explained or even predicted by certain theoretical frameworks.
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Reputation in Multi Agent Systems and the Incentives to Provide Feedback
(2009)
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Miriam Heitz
Stefan König
- The emergence of the Internet leads to a vast increase in the number of interactions between parties that are completely alien to each other. In general, such transactions are likely to be subject to fraud and cheating. If such systems use computerized rational agents to negotiate and execute transactions, mechanisms that lead to favorable outcomes for all parties instead of giving rise to defective behavior are necessary to make the system work: trust and reputation mechanisms. This paper examines different incentive mechanisms helping these trust and reputation mechanisms in eliciting users to report own experiences honestly.
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Towards the Governance of Open Distributed Grids - A Case Study in Wireless Mobile Grids
(2011)
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Tina Balke
- New networking technologies such as wireless mobile grids and peer-to-peer middleware are examples of a growing class of open distributed systems whose strength is the absence of a central controlling instance and which function through the cooperation of autonomous entities that voluntarily commit resources to a common pool. The social dilemma in such systems is that it is advantageous for rational users to access the common pool resources without making any commitment of their own. This is commonly known as “free-riding”. However, if a substantial number of users followed this selfish strategy, the system itself would fail, depriving all users of its benefits. In this dissertation, we demonstrate how governance decisions can induce cooperation in such systems and how normative frameworks in combination with multi-agent system simulations can be successfully employed to analyse their effects, even at an early development stage. We show that our approach is not only practical and powerful, but also easily accessible. We demonstrate its functionality by implementing a prototype to explore the impact of enforcement mechanisms on wireless mobile grids, a concept which has been proposed to address the energy issues arising in the next generation of mobile phones and the networks that connect them. We also infer lessons from this example for open distributed systems in general. Simulation experiments quantify the benefits of enforcement mechanisms for wireless mobile grids. We analyse these results with respect to the costs of enforcement as well as further criteria that reflect the interests of the multiple stakeholders in the system. We conclude with some observations on how the lessons learned from both process and outcomes may be applicable to the broader context of open distributed systems. In particular, we highlight (i) the use of simulation using intelligent agents and a normative framework as a means for in silico exploration of complex systems for both business and technological objectives, and (ii) the insight offered into a range of enforcement mechanisms and a better understanding of the conditions and constraints under which they are applicable.
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The Effects of Project Management Mechanisms on Innovation Performance in Hi-Tech Firms: Mediation of Teamwork Processes and Moderating Effects of Different Team Members’ Cultural Values
(2011)
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Aim-Orn Imcharoen
- High tech firms increasingly form innovation projects composed of team members with different cultural backgrounds to respond to their customers’ needs. Prior studies have regarded these cross cultural innovation projects as an important instrument for developing innovative products, yet little effort has been investigated on the issue of the effect of project management mechanisms (autonomy and control) on these projects and the impacts of team members’ cultural backgrounds on different project management mechanisms. Moreover, prior studies have neglected to bridge the gap between the effect of these project management mechanisms on communication and coordination of teamwork processes. Therefore, this study aims to fulfill the gaps in project management and cross cultural study by exploring the effects of different project management mechanisms on several types of innovation performance. In particular, it examines the relationships of these project management mechanisms on innovation performance mediated by the teamwork processes and moderated by the different backgrounds of team members represented by their cultural values. Structural equation modelling was used to test all hypotheses from 434 new product development project team members. The results indicated that control mechanisms had stronger effects on innovation performance than providing autonomy. Additionally, the study showed that all project management mechanisms (autonomy and control mechanisms) had indirect effects on radical innovation and project efficiency through communication and coordination. However, these control mechanisms had indirect impacts on incremental innovation only through coordination but not communication. Importantly, this study revealed that control mechanisms could apply to the team members with different cultural backgrounds in encouraging higher innovation performance. In order to enhance higher innovation performance, the suggestions to apply the appropriate project management mechanisms to their team members with different cultural backgrounds are provided.
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The BabelNEG System - A Protocol-generic Infrastructure for Electronic SLA Negotiations in the Internet of Services
(2011)
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Sebastian Hudert
- Visions of the next-generation Internet of Services are driven by digital resources traded on a global scope. For the resulting economic setting, automated on-line techniques for handling services and resources themselves, for advertising and discovering as well as for the on-the-fly negotiation of proper terms for their use are needed. Hence, a flexible infrastructure for the respective management of services and associated service level agreements is mandatory. This thesis presents the results of my dissertation project. They comprise a service infrastructure, able to support the structured discovery and protocol-generic negotiation of electronic service level agreements (SLAs) and thus services themselves.
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A Theoretical and Computational Basis for CATNETS
(2006)
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Björn Schnizler
Dirk Neumann
Daniel Veit
Michael Reinicke
Werner Streitberger
Torsten Eymann
Felix Freitag
Isaac Chao
Pablo Chacin
- The main content of this report is the identification and definition of market mechanisms for Application Layer Networks (ALNs). On basis of the structured Market Engineering process, the work comprises the identification of requirements which adequate market mechanisms for ALNs have to fulfill. Subsequently, two mechanisms for each, the centralized and the decentralized case are described in this document. These build the theoretical foundation for the work within the following two years of the CATNETS project.
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Preliminary specification and design documentation for software components to achieve Catallaxy in computational systems
(2005)
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Torsten Eymann
Werner Streitberger
Michael Reinicke
Felix Freitag
Pablo Chacin
Isaac Chao
Björn Schnizler
Daniel Veit
- Die Arbeit beschreibt die Spezifikation und das Design von Softwarekomponenten, um das Konzept der Katallaxie in Grid Systemen umzusetzen. Eine Einführung ordnet das Konzept der Katallaxie in bestehende Grid Taxonomien ein und stellt grundlegende Komponenten vor. Anschließend werden diese Komponenten auf ihre Anwendbarkeit in bestehenden Application Layer Netzwerken untersucht.
